internet in 2009

Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, enabling users to share information along multiple channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access information from a vast array of available servers and other computers by moving information from them to the computer's local memory. The same connection allows that computer to send information to servers on the network; that information is in turn accessed and potentially modified by a variety of other interconnected computers. A majority of widely accessible information on the Internet consists of inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). Computer users typically manage sent and received information with web browsers; other software for users' interface with computer networks includes specialized programs for electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing.

The movement of information in the Internet is achieved via a system of interconnected computer networks that share data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.
Today's Internet
The My Opera Community server rack. From the top, user file storage (content of files.myopera.com), "bigma" (the master MySQL database server), and two IBM blade centers containing multi-purpose machines (Apache front ends, Apache back ends, slave MySQL database servers, load balancers, file servers, cache servers and sync masters)

Aside from the complex physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., peering agreements), and by technical specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing policies.

By December 31, 2008, 1.574 billion people were using the Internet according to Internet World Statistics.[9]

Internet protocols
For more details on this topic, see Internet Protocol Suite.

The complex communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. While the hardware can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet.

The responsibility for the architectural design of the Internet software systems has been delegated to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).[10] The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups, open to any individual, about the various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and final standards are published in Requests for Comments (RFCs), freely available on the IETF web site.

The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in a series of RFCs that constitute the Internet Standards. These standards describe a system known as the Internet Protocol Suite. This is a model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (RFC 1122, RFC 1123). The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate. At the top is the space (Application Layer) of the software application, e.g., a web browser application, and just below it is the Transport Layer which connects applications on different hosts via the network (e.g., client-server model). The underlying network consists of two layers: the Internet Layer which enables computers to connect to one-another via intermediate (transit) networks and thus is the layer that establishes internetworking and the Internet, and lastly, at the bottom, is a software layer that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local link (therefor called Link Layer), e.g., a local area network (LAN) or a dial-up connection. This model is also known as the TCP/IP model of networking. While other models have been developed, such as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, they are not compatible in the details of description, nor implementation.

The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP) which provides addressing systems for computers on the Internet and facilitates the internetworking of networks. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the initial version used on the first generation of the today's Internet and is still in dominant use. It was designed to address up to ~4.3 billion (109) Internet hosts. However, the explosive growth of the Internet has led to IPv4 address exhaustion. A new protocol version, IPv6, was developed which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing of data traffic. IPv6 is currently in commercial deployment phase around the world.

IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. It essentially establishes a "parallel" version of the Internet not accessible with IPv4 software. This means software upgrades are necessary for every networking device that needs to communicate on the IPv6 Internet. Most modern computer operating systems are already converted to operate with both versions of the Internet Protocol. Network infrastructures, however, are still lagging in this development.http://rpc.pingomatic.com/

cyberworld inside you rlife

Originally the word “cybernetics” is associated with the study of control and communication in living and artificial made systems. The word itself comes from Greek's kubernan, to govern. In the latest developments there are separated disciplines like artificial intelligence, neural networks, systems theory, and chaos theory, but the boundaries between those and cybernetics has not yet been properly defined. In this paper, the word “cyber” is associated with the world of intra-communication and networked devices, a world of advanced technology used for a better human interaction and information. Cyberworld can be defined as a virtual world, a parallel world created and sustained by the world’s computers, wearable communication terminals and deviceless interfaces. In the Cyberworld we can stay in touch with our agents, knowledge databases, communities, and use electronic services and transactions.

The Cyberworld, as defined within the reference model provided by Wireless Strategic Initiative project (WSI), deals with the integration of application functionality in real and virtual environment. It can be classified by five well-defined components, namely: Presence, Identity, Interaction, Application and Cyberhost. Each of the components is then detailed further to have the predominant features and/or subcomponents

the Cyberworld building block has been achieved successfully. The Cyberworld reference model expressively describes the interactions and relationships among the essential Cyberworld components. Value functions are emphasized by placing them on top of the reference model. The reference model implementation is then briefly described which needs to be attended to carefully at each stage. At the end of the paper a few Cyberworld technologies/technology enablers are identified and clustered to form a Cyberworld technology roadmap.

Future research in wireless world modeling includes refining or sub-modeling of other three building blocks of WSI reference model. The Cyberworld reference model will be applied on some typical mobile scenarios to demonstrate and get a better understanding of pros and cons of the model. The corresponding Cyberworld technologies also need to be looked into within a 10-year time framework.